The Exogenous Application of Non-Toxic Sulfur Contributes to the Growth-Promoting Effects of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa)

Sulfur is an essential nutrient—along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—for plant growth development. mostly supplied to crops through soil fertilizers. However, chemical fertilizers are overused increase crop yields despite environmental threats. The proper use of positively affects yield increase. Regardless, residues from misuse threaten not only the ecosystem, but also marine ecosystem. Therefore, need minimize fertilizer abuse imperative. This article reports that sulfur can be applied leaves as nontoxic (NTS) in trace amounts affect hormones, chloroplast content, ROS scavenging system, thereby promoting growth, increasing yields. Furthermore, NTS microelements, micronutrients calcium magnesium, produced a synergistic effect when together, enhanced expression auxin gibberellin-related genes. Additionally, chlorophyll content was increased, ability greatly improved. effectively deliver potent growth-promoting functions plants faster safer than did consequently yield. finding new strategy replace supplying sulfur. It potentially valuable for other crops.